Mood Disorder Symptoms, Causes and Effect

Mood disorders encompass a wide array of mood issues, such as major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and bipolar disorder. Approximately 20.9 million American adults suffer from these disorders.

Substance-Induced Mood Disorders

The most common psychiatric co-occurring disorders are substance abuse and mood disorders. It is common for people with mood disorders to turn to substance abuse. The substance abuse, in turn, exacerbates the effects of the mood disorder. With careful assessment and screening, a psychiatrist can better distinguish between symptoms of mood disorder and substance intoxication or withdrawal. Some people experience reduced cravings for substances once their co-occurring depression or bipolar disorder is treated.

Emotional Symptoms of Mood Disorders

Emotional symptoms of mood disorders are not the same for all people. Emotional symptoms of depression include:
  • Thoughts of and attempts at suicide
  • Loss of interest in activities that were pleasurable in the past
  • Unyielding anxiety, sadness or feelings of emptiness
  • Feelings of worthlessness, helplessness or guilt
  • Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism
Emotional symptoms of mania include:
  • Prolonged periods of elation
  • Restlessness
  • Irritability, agitation or excessive energy
  • Feelings of grandiosity
  • Impulsive, risky or hedonistic behavior

Physical Symptoms of Mood Disorder

As with emotional symptoms, physical symptoms of mood disorder may differ from one person to the next. Physical symptoms of depression include:
  • Decreased energy or fatigue
  • Headaches, body aches, pains, cramps or digestive problems
  • Difficulty remembering details, making decisions or concentrating
  • Loss of appetite or overeating
  • Excessive sleeping or insomnia
Physical symptoms of mania include:
  • Racing thoughts and jumping from one idea to the next
  • Pressured or rapid speech
  • Increased goal-directed activities
  • Being easily distracted
  • Insomnia
  • Hypersexuality


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